Science and Christianity (Part 2)

Before I launch into a discussion about science, I must clarify what I am talking about. There are at least three ways we use the word “science.”

1. Science can refer to a method of investigating the physical world. The scientific method starts with a question about a particular phenomenon. A hypothesis is formed about what caused the phenomena. A hypothesis is a tentative explanation. Using deductive reasoning, an outcome is predicted about the interaction of variables. Finally, experiments are conducted in controlled circumstances to test the hypothesis’ ability to predict results. Other scientists then examine the hypothesis, the methodology, and the controls used and attempt to replicate the results. When the hypothesis is shown to have at least limited viability, it becomes a scientific model. As more models are tested, they may be integrated into a scientific theory. It is this method of inquiry that makes science uniquely science.

2. Science can refer to a particular field of study. Biology, chemistry, physics, astronomy, and geology are examples of the physical sciences. Social sciences would include economics, sociology, demography, and psychology. Others may span both realms, like geography and archeology.

3. Science can also refer to the systematic body of knowledge collected through the scientific method and the community of scientists amassing knowledge.

I have in mind the third connotation for this discussion, although I will refer to the other two. Hopefully, the context will be sufficient to clarify.

As described, nothing here seems to be particularly controversial, at least for most of us today. However, at its inception, science was understood as a threat to Church authority by both the Church and some scientists themselves. By the 17th Century, it was clear that some scientists and thinkers embraced science to discredit religion. The way various factions of Christianity chose to address these issues has had a significant impact on us to this day.

[Index]

Comments

[Denis Hancock]

There is a 4th way in which people see science, and that is how it affects their lives. The use to which science is put is technology, and most people draw a sharp line between the two.

The same scientific discoveries that lead to the atomic bomb also lead to nuclear energy and nuclear medicine.

Much of what manifests itself as "anti-science" is more "anti-technology". It is hard to explain this, however, to someone who is a victim of technology.

[Michael Kruse]

Good observation Denis. Thanks.